Treatment of diabetes. Therapeutic approaches to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes

Investigations of treatment of diabetes and therapeutic approaches in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus remain really indispensable now taking into consideration substantial number of patients suffering from this dangerous affection. Effective treatment of diabetes is necessary because this disease strikes persons of variable ages and substantially tells upon their living style, behaviour, work, learning and dietary habits. Medical practitioners hope that the research of treatment of diabetes mellitus will improve their patients' life due to the developing of new ways of healings and accompanying amelioration of the existing therapeutic approaches. The caregivers might suspect diabetes if blood sugar levels are more than 126 mg % (7.0 mmol/l).

Why is treatment of diabetes needed?

Doctors affirm that there exist two types of diabetes - type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes the insulin lack is absolute, whereas in type 2 diabetes medical practitioners find resistance to insulin and weakened insulin production. Children and adolescents are frequently affected with type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from the autoimmune devastation of islets of Langerhans that produce insulin. The affected persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus are ordinarily grownups and many of them are overweight.

What is diabetes mellitus and why treatment of diabetes is of the essence?

The medical practitioners identify diabetes as the ailment of carbohydrate metabolic activity. The diagnostic feature of this disease is decreased capacity to produce insulin or react to it with complete or partial shortage of this hormone. These metabolic disruptions lead to higher blood glucose concentrations. Diabetes can occur because of hereditary defects that determine insulin freeing and insulin activity. Investigating the treatment of diabetes must serve in determining more efficacious plans of attack to the healing of this condition.

Objective conditions for treatment of diabetes

The individuals needing the treatment of diabetes experience powerlessness, weariness, weight decrease, and enhanced appetite. There are signs and clinical manifestations of polyuria and polydipsia. The most critical and dangerous complications are hyperglycaemia and acidosis. People with hyperglycaemic condition and diabetic acidosis need immediate treatment of diabetes with insulin and endovenous solutions.

The contemporary approach paths to treatment of diabetes

1. All individuals with diabetes must determine at home blood sugar levels at regular intervals. This is realized by special glucometer to measure the blood sugar concentrations. The purpose of treatment of diabetes mellitus is the reduction of blood sugar to normal concentrations. The sufferers with diabetes mellitus must observe the diet that has to be low in fats and incorporate sufficient levels of protein. Obese persons with type 2 diabetes may significantly amend their condition with food restriction during a couple of days. The people able to lose excessive weight in combination with exercise can significantly increase insulin predilection and even attain the normal glucose metabolism.  
2. The caregivers prescribe varied kinds of drugs for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Among these drugs are sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and metformin. These medications increase insulin release, improve insulin sensitivity in the tissues, lessen sugar output by the liver. Some medications suppress the intestinal ferments that break down saccharides; hence, they reduce glucose accessibility for absorption.   
3. All affected individuals with type 1 and a lot of persons with type 2 need treatment of diabetes with insulin. Insulin for the treatment of diabetes is prescribed by injections. The physicians likewise utilise conventionalized human insulin that is created with recombinant DNA.   
4. One of the directions of treatment of diabetes in patients with type 1 is to transplant the pancreas or islets of Langerhans. Now research workers are seeking for modes to improve the outcomes of transplantation and to introduce the robotic islets into practice of medicine.